What Does the Bible Say About Drinking Alcohol?
Alcohol is a subject that generates strong opinions among Christians. Some believe it is completely forbidden, while others see it as permissible in moderation. But what does the Bible actually say? Is it a sin for a Christian to drink alcohol? Let’s look at Scripture to understand God’s view on this issue.
Does the Bible Condemn Drinking Alcohol?
The Bible does not explicitly prohibit drinking alcohol, but it does warn against drunkenness and the dangers that come with it. Scripture presents a balanced view—wine is sometimes spoken of as a blessing, yet it is also associated with corruption and sin.
Psalm 104:14-15 — “You cause the grass to grow for the livestock and plants for man to cultivate, that he may bring forth food from the earth and wine to gladden the heart of man, oil to make his face shine and bread to strengthen man’s heart.”
This passage shows that wine was part of God’s provision and was seen as something good.
Yet, the Bible also strongly warns against the abuse of alcohol:
Proverbs 20:1 — “Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler, and whoever is led astray by it is not wise.”
So, while drinking is not forbidden outright, being “led astray” by alcohol—falling into addiction, drunkenness, or reckless behavior—is condemned.
Drunkenness Is Clearly a Sin
The Bible repeatedly condemns drunkenness, which is the overindulgence in alcohol that leads to impaired judgment, moral compromise, and sinful behavior.
Ephesians 5:18 — “And do not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit.”
Being drunk is the opposite of being filled with the Spirit. Drunkenness leads to loss of control, whereas a Spirit-filled life is marked by self-control and godly wisdom.
Galatians 5:19-21 warns that drunkenness is one of the “works of the flesh” and that “those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.” This is a serious warning—habitual drunkenness is incompatible with a life of true faith.
What About Jesus Turning Water into Wine?
Some argue that because Jesus turned water into wine at the wedding in Cana (John 2:1-11), drinking alcohol must be completely acceptable. While it is true that Jesus made wine, this does not mean He endorses drunkenness. The quality of the wine He provided is emphasized, not its potential for abuse.
Furthermore, in biblical times, wine was often diluted with water to reduce its intoxicating effects. The strong, distilled liquors of today did not exist in the ancient world.
Should Christians Abstain from Alcohol?
While the Bible allows for moderate alcohol consumption, there are good reasons why a Christian might choose to abstain entirely:
1. Avoiding Stumbling Blocks
Romans 14:21 — “It is good not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything that causes your brother to stumble.”
Many struggle with alcohol addiction, and for some, even one drink can lead down a dangerous path. If drinking causes another believer to stumble, it is better to abstain for their sake.
2. Maintaining a Good Testimony
Paul urges believers to live above reproach, meaning that our actions should never bring dishonor to Christ.
1 Corinthians 10:31 — “So, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.”
If drinking alcohol harms our witness to unbelievers, it is wise to avoid it.
3. Prioritizing Self-Control
The Christian life is marked by self-discipline and avoiding anything that could lead to sin.
1 Corinthians 6:12 — “All things are lawful for me, but not all things are helpful. All things are lawful for me, but I will not be dominated by anything.”
If alcohol has the potential to dominate one’s life, even in small ways, it is best to abstain.
Is Drinking Alcohol a Sin?
Drinking alcohol in and of itself is not a sin. However, drunkenness, addiction, and causing others to stumble are all condemned in Scripture. The Bible calls Christians to live with wisdom and self-control.
Paul gives a clear directive in 1 Timothy 3:2-3 that church leaders should not be “given to much wine.” This implies that moderation is possible, but also warns of the dangers of overindulgence.
How Should Christians Approach Alcohol?
Every Christian should carefully consider these biblical principles:
- Will drinking alcohol lead me to sin?
- Will my drinking cause another believer to stumble?
- Does alcohol control me, or do I control it?
- Does my drinking glorify God?
The Bible does not forbid alcohol, but it does strongly warn against drunkenness and its destructive effects. While some Christians may feel the freedom to drink in moderation, others may choose to abstain out of wisdom and love for others. Ultimately, the decision should be made with a heart that desires to honor God in all things.